Ground Pearls

[Elden]

I have a customer that has ground pearls. They are a scale insect that lives under ground and attack the roots of turf. Has anyone had any sucess with slowing them down using organic methods? There are no "normal" chemicals to control them fully except for fumigation, even then only limited sucess and you kill the turf. I want to help this guy out as I was highly recomended to him. All the big fert/squirt companys around here sell them down the river once they have a ground pearl infestation.

This is my thinking: Ground pearls attach to the roots and suck the juices out of the turf, causing it to decline and inhibits its ability to use water. If he was put on a very agressive compost topdressing and aeration regimine, would it allow the grass to out compete these lil boogers. If you have had any experience w/ them let me know what you did and how it went.

[Organic a go go]

Good lord!!! To be honest I've never heard of these things before. I googled 'em and got downright depressed. Thank goodness its too cold up here for them. I wonder if there aren't some nematodes that could be effective?? Beyond that several of the articles Google served up mentioned they thrive in acidic soil so maybe make the soil less hospitable. Otherwise its just a matter of time until they rule the world I guess.......

[ICT Bill]

Ground pearls belong to a family of scale insects. Ground pearls are identified by the presence of small pearl-like bodies on the roots or in the soil. The pink adult stage that crawls is present during early summer. The adult female ground pearl is a wingless, pinkish scale insect, about 1/16 inch long with well-developed forelegs and claws. The male is a gnat-like insect smaller than the female, but with a slender waxy "tail" up to 1/4 inch long. Clusters of pinkish-white eggs are laid in a white waxy sac. Commonly referred to as a ground pearl, the slender nymph is covered with a hard, globular, yellowish-purple shell. Encysted nymphs are up to 1/16 inch in diameter

You are right, there is not a lot of info on that beast or how to control them. It seems they are scale and it seems to me that I control it with insecticidal soaps. But that is normally as a foliar, I am not sure how much good it would do as a drench. They are obviously opportunistic so there is something going on in the soil that allows them to flourish.

Try an insecticidal soap, WTF

I think I would have to blast them with some quality AACT and see if you can get something to compete with them and knock their numbers back. They seem to have free reign

They must have a natural predator, I just haven't found it yet.

[Elden]

That's why I started this thread. I am familiar with them, as when I worked for one of those big companies I dealt with them. From some people I have talked to UF is suposed to be doing some studies w/ Imaclorapid, but from what I have heard is that the results are poor and difficult to come by because of their nature. It's not like you can do a soap flush or visually inspect w/ out destroying where their habitat.

I was hoping some one on the organic side knew a way to reduce the population. If somebody found an effective treatment for them they could probly become very rich.

[Kiril]

Sinister.

My approach would be to attempt to knock them back in the nymph stage, as is done with other types of scales. Perhaps a some CT with predatory nematodes as suggested might work, although it is still a shot in the dark. It would appear the best time to attempt control is in spring (mating season) and late summer (nymphs hatch). As suggested in various publications, best known defense is a healthy lawn.

[Elden]

I found a study from the 70's that used a chemical called aldicarb @10%. It said that the best time to treat them was every 2 weeks from May 15 to July 1. The first is before the adults hatch and the last when most sould be hatched. In the study done by Uni. of Arizona using this method they reduced the population from 859 to 11. The results were drawn from 25, 1/2" x 4" soil cores in infected areas. I hate to go back 40 years for some research, but the info kind of inspires me that there might actually be a way. Now just to find out how to do it organicly, instead of using some chemical that has probly been banned for 20 years. LOL

[Az Gardener]

Phosphates used to do the trick too, now they are banned. Any old laundry soap used to thin out the shells so they were much easier to kill.

They are not very deep just dig out the effected area3"-4" deep and go 8"-10" beyond the obvious effected area. that should take a big chunk of the population out. Hopefully you just have a few small spots.

Try Arbico if any one would have a biological control they would. Try this link
http://search.store.yahoo.com/cgi-bin/nsearch?unique=75d3b&catalog=yhst-6316395947722

[Az Gardener]

Try "Pearle scale" for the search. Let us know if you find anything.

[Elden]

Searching Ground Pearls produced way more resulting finds than Pearl Scale. After about 5 links about them, they started linking to sites about gold fish. ???? I also e-mailed arbico to see if they knew of anything. Guess I'll wait and see.

[Az Gardener]

Arbico does have a nematode for pearl or ground scale they call it nemaseek. Two applications between mid May an mid June for best results.

An old timer told me to mix up some (6-oz) TSP tri sodium phosphate in a hose end sprayer with some (see label)Dylox and set the sprayer for 2-oz per gallon and saturate the area effected and 12'-18" beyond, be prepared the turf will brown out. Then water in deeply.

Obviously this is not a by the book technique but it will knock them out. I have been told TSP can be found at H/D, Ace, Lowes etc in the plumbing isle. Let me know how it works if you try it out.

Let the flaming begin I am satin, I am the cause of the ruin of our ecosystem bla bla bla. Hey I started out with the organic control but lets face it we are in a results oriented business if you notice the scale in Aug. when it usually shows up. The client doesn't want to wait until may next year to take action.

[treegal1]

good I got here in time try creosote oil with water and drench, I will try to dig up the mix ratio,

skip the TSP till laundry day or all together

[Elden]

creosote oil? are you serious or are you just jokin?

Az Gardner will the turf recover after spraying w/tsp or will it have to be replaced

[Kiril]

I have been told TSP can be found at H/D, Ace, Lowes etc in the plumbing isle.

Paint isle, not plumbing. It is used as a cleaner/deglosser prior to painting.

Word of caution -> lots of sodium in this product, may not be the best solution.

[treegal1]

yes very serious, the stuff we have is old and labeled for swine as a flea and tick remedy

[Kiril]

Geez treegal, talk about toxic. That stuff is rated category 1 toxicity.

TOXICITY CATEGORY I
All pesticide products meeting the criteria of Toxicity Category I are required to bear on the front panel the signal word "Danger." In addition if the product was assigned to Toxicity Category I on the basis of its oral, inhalation or dermal toxicity (as distinct from skin and eye local effects) the word "Poison'' shall appear in red on a background of distinctly contrasting color and the skull and crossbones shall appear in immediate proximity to the word "Poison."

http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/def/tox_category.html

http://www.scorecard.org/chemical-profiles/summary.tcl?edf_substance_id=8001-58-9

[treegal1]

hey i did not say it was no toxic or the best option, but it will work and is still natural, like snake venom.
some times it is a choice you have to make. ground pearl or wood creosote? or try merit??? that's real bad

its a carcinogen also like smoking,or asphalt

[Kiril]

or try merit??? that's real bad

Heck, why stop there -> want to get rid of your pearls, use methyl bromide. :)

[treegal1]

yeah, bad stuff is every place. found a coral snake sat.
did not put my finger in its mouth though and am still here to tell about it. the 3 or 4 oz that it takes to get these guys is kind of a trade off. I never said i was perfect ether, just sharing what i have SEEN. myself i will stick to wood burn residues instead of merit or other great chems. and i get the toxic thing real well and have the desire learn more.
so if any one has better advice lets hear them chime in. or is TSP with DILOX and creosote the best we can do at this POINT

[Kiril]

I think we can always find something that will kill them, but will it do it selectively is the million dollar question?

[Elden]

I checked out Arbico and couldn't find anything that even mentioned ground pearls.

In theory if you had a ground pearl too look at under a microscope, Could you apply beneficial Nematodes and actually watch and see if they will attack and penetrate through their waxy cuticle?

[Newby08]

my thoughts, which doesn't mean much, every thing has a natural predator... find out what that is.

[Az Gardener]

Will the grass come back? My sources experience is with Bermuda and Bermuda comes back from almost anything.

The Arbico source took a little explaining on the phone and some discussions with someone a little further up the food chain at Arbico. I feel pretty comfortable that their nematodes applied at the right time would kill the new pearls. I am less confident about their effect on the older hard shelled pearls but I also don't know how long they live so maybe the old ones die off after a season.

I am glad we are discussing something new and of some use rather than which mower is best. Thanks for the great feed back.

[Newby08]

I do what I can, LOL.

[NattyLawn]

I checked out Arbico and couldn't find anything that even mentioned ground pearls.

In theory if you had a ground pearl too look at under a microscope, Could you apply beneficial Nematodes and actually watch and see if they will attack and penetrate through their waxy cuticle?

In theory, I would say yes. If the scope was good enough.

[NattyLawn]

In theory, I would say yes. If the scope was good enough.

I might have to amend that statement. The nematodes don't like being in the water because they drown. When you see them under the scope they thrash around. I have seen one or two feeding, but mostly thrashing. I'll bump this up to the top and see if Tim Wilson responds. I believe he's looked at nematodes under the scope a bit.

[Kiril]

I might have to amend that statement. The nematodes don't like being in the water because they drown. When you see them under the scope they thrash around. I have seen one or two feeding, but mostly thrashing. I'll bump this up to the top and see if Tim Wilson responds. I believe he's looked at nematodes under the scope a bit.

Then try a dry mount. :)

[Elden]

Az Gardener, so if that's the case about applying the nematodes when they are young the best time to treat would probly be late May or so. Being that the ground pearls are fairly staionary would you apply their brand of NemAttack or NemaSeek?


If you had some ground pearls and simply put the nematodes on them would you be able to observe them doing their dirty work?

[Az Gardener]

This is an old thread but I have a bit of pearl scale popping up myself :hammerhead: so I have been doing some more research. I found out that ants might be a predator they think :dizzy:. I read that in an old research paper.

I also read you can outgrow them with a vigorous fertilizer program/ uber healthy lawn. I will call again and talk to the folks at Arbico to determine which neema to use. Cost is not really an issue so I might do both.

Pearl scale are not so bad on seeded Bermuda varieties as they are on hybridized sodded varieties. One page suggested over seeding bare spots with a seeded variety like Sahara.

I talked to Kai Umeda from U of A today. He did some research on pearlscale treatments for several years with merit, arena and several others and found them to have no effect on the pearls. He would not comment on my TSP idea and did confirm the best defense is a good offense. So he recommended a vigorous fertilizer program. Said he also heard about the sulfur from several sources but has had no first hand experience

I am going to try a multi front attack in several phases. I will let you know how it goes.

Last thing if your poking around in possibly affected soil be sure to sanitize your tools so you don't spread it. I would also think twice before renting a aerator or verticutter for a primo lawn.

You know this used to be so much simpler.

[greendoctor]

TSP mixed with Dylox turns the active ingredient into DDVP aka Vapona. That is an organophosphate pesticide with an LD 50 of less than 100 MG/KG and very easily absorbed through skin. It is also extremely volatile. I would rather take my chances with a Merit application drenched in with a soil surfactant.

[Az Gardener]

I would not mix the two, one application one week another the following week. Why would you try merit when a university professor just told us that it had zero effect after several years of trials?

[thecochenille]

Dear Lawnsite members,

Your post about ground pearl scale insects caught my attention.
I am a graduate student working at the American Museum of Natural History on scale insects, I try to understand their evolution with the plants they infest, that can be very useful for applied fields.

If any of you come through a ground pearl infestation in your garden, could you please contact me directly? Thank you very much.

[ICT Bill]

Dear Lawnsite members,

Your post about ground pearl scale insects caught my attention.
I am a graduate student working at the American Museum of Natural History on scale insects, I try to understand their evolution with the plants they infest, that can be very useful for applied fields.

If any of you come through a ground pearl infestation in your garden, could you please contact me directly? Thank you very much.

so are you in DC? are you an entomologist as well
we have companies calling about scale fairly often what are you looking to identify

[thecochenille]

so are you in DC? are you an entomologist as well
we have companies calling about scale fairly often what are you looking to identify

I am an entomologist but I am based in New York City, at the American Museum of Natural History.

I can identify scale infestations if specimens are sent to me (they require slide mounting to be identified). I am mostly interested in receiving ground pearl insects for later my own research and can provide identification subsequently.

Please let me know if you have people contacting you on that matter.

Thank you.

[ICT Bill]

I am an entomologist but I am based in New York City, at the American Museum of Natural History.

I can identify scale infestations if specimens are sent to me (they require slide mounting to be identified). I am mostly interested in receiving ground pearl insects for later my own research and can provide identification subsequently.

Please let me know if you have people contacting you on that matter.

Thank you.

You did not leave any contact info, you can contact me via email at bill@ictorganics.com

[ted putnam]

TSP mixed with Dylox turns the active ingredient into DDVP aka Vapona. That is an organophosphate pesticide with an LD 50 of less than 100 MG/KG and very easily absorbed through skin. It is also extremely volatile. I would rather take my chances with a Merit application drenched in with a soil surfactant.



To whom it may concern, this is the method I found and used after researching it. I found a study that was done(don't ask for a link Kiril. It was 2 or 3 years ago) using this technique and I used it with some success. The study found that by applying Merit along whith a wetting agent, you introduced a systemic insecticide that would hang in the root zone for an extended period. This would allow the turf to more readily take it up through the roots and of course, that's where the "pearls" are attached to the plant. By using tis method, there was no need to try to defeat the hard shell of the pest. They simply ingested it. I eliminated the pests in some cases and in others I signifigantly reduced numbers and kept them under control. I only had 5 or 6 cases out of hundreds of cutomers but I still have access to most of these lawns.

[Kiril]

Hey Ted .... got a link to that paper?

[ted putnam]

Hey Ted .... got a link to that paper?

:laugh::laugh: Too funny Kiril! I guess I'm just not as "organized" as you.

[Kiril]

:laugh::laugh: Too funny Kiril! I guess I'm just not as "organized" as you.

Maybe this one? Not really a study, but it does mention studies (without reference I might add).

http://www.grounds-mag.com/mag/grounds_maintenance_dont_give_ground_2/

[JDUtah]

:laugh::laugh: Too funny Kiril! I guess I'm just not as "organized" as you.

I would replace "organized" with "blessed with discretionary time"